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  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>jmedicalcasereports</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Frontiers in Medical Case Reports</JournalTitle>
      <PISSN>I</PISSN>
      <EISSN>S</EISSN>
      <Volume-Issue>Volume 2; Issue 5</Volume-Issue>
      <PartNumber/>
      <IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
      <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
      <Season>(Sep-Oct, 2021)</Season>
      <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
      <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
      <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
      <PubDate>
        <Year>-0001</Year>
        <Month>11</Month>
        <Day>30</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <ArticleType>Medical Case Reports</ArticleType>
      <ArticleTitle>Alkalinization of the Urine and Lowering of Urine Uric Acid Content in Diabetic Patients with a Low Urine PH Results in Prevention and Dissolution of Uric Acid Stones - A Case Report and A Retrospective Outcome Study</ArticleTitle>
      <SubTitle/>
      <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
      <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
      <FirstPage>1</FirstPage>
      <LastPage>4</LastPage>
      <AuthorList>
        <Author>
          <FirstName>David S. H.</FirstName>
          <LastName>Bell</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Edison</FirstName>
          <LastName>Goncalves</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
        </Author>
      </AuthorList>
      <DOI/>
      <Abstract>With insulin resistance there is a decreased production of ammonia in the proximal tubule of the kidney leading to a low urinary PH which results in precipitation of uric acid crystals which form the nidus for the formation of a uric acid kidney stone. Alkalinization of the urine and lowering of the urine uric acid levels can prevent formation of these stones as well as causing dissolution of existing stones. In this report we describe a patient who prior to this intervention had at least 130 events related to kidney stones and who following intervention had no further events. In addition, we describe a retrospective survey of outcomes of this intervention in twelve subjects with multiple kidney stone related events. There was no recurrence of events related to kidney stones in this group. Therefore, alkalinization of the urine and lowering of uric acid content in diabetic patients with a low urine PH is extremely effective in avoiding further kidney stone related events.</Abstract>
      <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
      <Keywords>Low Urine PH,Kidney Stone,Diabetes,Urine Alkalinization,Allopurinol Potassium Citrate,Obesity,Insulin Resistance</Keywords>
      <URLs>
        <Abstract>https://jmedicalcasereports.org/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=13312&amp;title=Alkalinization of the Urine and Lowering of Urine Uric Acid Content in Diabetic Patients with a Low Urine PH Results in Prevention and Dissolution of Uric Acid Stones - A Case Report and A Retrospective Outcome Study</Abstract>
      </URLs>
      <References>
        <ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle>
        <ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage>
        <ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage>
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Ngo TC and Assimos DG. Uric Acid nephrolithiasis: recent progress and future directions. Rev Urol 2007; 9: 17-27.&#13;
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Sakhaee K, Adams-Huet B, Moe OW, Pak CY. Pathophysiologic basis for normouricosuric uric acid nephrolithiasis. Kidney Int 2002; 62: 971-979.&#13;
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Sinha M, Prabhu K, Venkatesh P, Krishnamoorthy V. Results of urinary dissolution therapy for radiolucent calculi. Int Braz J Urol 2013; 39: 103-107.&#13;
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Trinchieri A, Esposito N, Castelnuovo C. Dissolution of radiolucent renal stones by oral alkalinization with potassium citrate/potassium bicarbonate. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2009; 81: 188-191.</References>
      </References>
    </Journal>
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