<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2d1 20170631//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<ArticleSet>
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>jmedicalcasereports</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Frontiers in Medical Case Reports</JournalTitle>
      <PISSN>I</PISSN>
      <EISSN>S</EISSN>
      <Volume-Issue>Volume 1; Issue 3</Volume-Issue>
      <PartNumber/>
      <IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
      <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
      <Season>(May-Jun, 2020)</Season>
      <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
      <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
      <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
      <PubDate>
        <Year>-0001</Year>
        <Month>11</Month>
        <Day>30</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <ArticleType>Medical Case Reports</ArticleType>
      <ArticleTitle>COVID Toes: Digital Vascular Changes in Patients with a COVID-19 Infection</ArticleTitle>
      <SubTitle/>
      <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
      <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
      <FirstPage>1</FirstPage>
      <LastPage>8</LastPage>
      <AuthorList>
        <Author>
          <FirstName>Justin</FirstName>
          <LastName>Chin</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Ryan D.</FirstName>
          <LastName>Rivera</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Christine</FirstName>
          <LastName>Lomiguen</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Simrat K.</FirstName>
          <LastName>Veera</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Vilma A.</FirstName>
          <LastName>Joseph</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Nanette</FirstName>
          <LastName>Silverberg</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Mary</FirstName>
          <LastName>Lee-Wong</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
        </Author>
      </AuthorList>
      <DOI/>
      <Abstract>COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus and has resulted in a global pandemic. Primarily understood as a respiratory disease, ongoing studies have observed the effects of COVID-19 on other body systems. COVID toes, also known as pseudo-chilblains, is an increasingly common dermatological condition in which pruritic, erythematous rashes appear on the toes. Generally benign in adults, COVID toes have also been observed in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19. Here we present a case of a 9-year-old Hispanic asymptomatic COVID-19 male and a 53-year-old African American female with symptomatic, confirmed COVID-19, with a comparison of the prognostic differences between children and adults of COVID toes and a review of the current literature.</Abstract>
      <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
      <Keywords>COVID toes,COVID-19,Pseudo-chilblains,Pandemic,Pernio</Keywords>
      <URLs>
        <Abstract>https://jmedicalcasereports.org/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=7487&amp;title=COVID Toes: Digital Vascular Changes in Patients with a COVID-19 Infection</Abstract>
      </URLs>
      <References>
        <ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle>
        <ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage>
        <ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage>
        <References>Adhikari SP, Meng S, Wu YJ, Mao YP, Ye RX, Wang QZ, Sun C, Sylvia S, Rozelle S, Raat H, Zhou H. Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review. Infect Dis Poverty 2020; 9: 29.&#13;
&#13;
Aggarwal S, Garcia-Telles N, Aggarwal G, Lavie C, Lippi G, Henry BM. Clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Early report from the United States. Diagnosis (Berl) 2020; 7: 91-6.&#13;
&#13;
Ahn DG, Shin HJ, Kim MH, Lee S, Kim HS, Myoung J, Kim BT, Kim SJ. Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30: 313-324.&#13;
&#13;
Alramthan A and Aldaraji W. A case of COVID-19 presenting in clinical picture resembling chilblains disease. First report from the Middle East. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020.&#13;
&#13;
Andina D, Noguera?Morel L, Bascuas?Arribas M, Gaitero?Tristand;aacute;n J, Alonso?Cadenas JA, Escalada?Pellitero S, Hernand;aacute;ndez?Martand;iacute;n and;Aacute;, de la Torre?Espi M, Colmenero I, Torrelo A. Chilblains in children in the setting of COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatr Dermatol 2020.&#13;
&#13;
Belhadjer Z, Mand;eacute;ot M, Bajolle F, Khraiche D, Legendre A, Abakka S, Auriau J, Grimaud M, Oualha M, Beghetti M, Wacker J. Acute heart failure in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in the context of global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Circulation 2020.&#13;
&#13;
Buster KJ, Stevens EI, Elmets CA. Dermatologic health disparities. Dermatol Clin 2012; 30: 53-59.&#13;
&#13;
CDC Covid Response Team. Severe Outcomes Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) - United States, February 12-March 16, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69: 343-346.&#13;
&#13;
Cordoro KM, Reynolds SD, Wattier R, McCalmont TH. Clustered Cases of Acral Perniosis: Clinical Features, Histopathology and Relationship to COVID-19. Pediatr Dermatol 2020.&#13;
&#13;
Freeman E. and;#39;COVID-toes,and;#39; tracking dermatological symptoms of COVID-19. Healio Dermatology [Internet]. 2020. Available from: https://www.healio.com/dermatology/dermatitis/news/online/%7B1f54025b-e860-4862-979d-46daebae6818%7D/covid-toes-tracking-dermatological-symptoms-of-covid-19.&#13;
&#13;
Galvand;aacute;n Casas C, Cataland;agrave; A, Carretero Hernand;aacute;ndez G, Rodrand;iacute;guez?Jimand;eacute;nez P, Fernand;aacute;ndez Nieto D, Rodrand;iacute;guez?Villa Lario A, Navarro Fernand;aacute;ndez I, Ruiz?Villaverde R, Falkenhain D, Llamas Velasco M, Garcand;iacute;a?Gavand;iacute;n J. Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases. Br J Dermatol 2020.&#13;
&#13;
Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis ML, Lely AT, Navis G, van Goor H. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol 2004; 203: 631-637.&#13;
&#13;
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020; 395: 497-506.&#13;
&#13;
Jin X, Lian JS, Hu JH, Gao J, Zheng L, Zhang YM, Hao SR, Jia HY, Cai H, Zhang XL, Yu GD. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms. Gut 2020; 69: 1002-1009.&#13;
&#13;
Lai CC, Liu YH, Wang CY, Wang YH, Hsueh SC, Yen MY, Ko WC, Hsueh PR. Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Facts and myths. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2020.&#13;
&#13;
Matrajt L and Leung T. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Social Distancing Interventions to Delay or Flatten the Epidemic Curve of Coronavirus Disease. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26.&#13;
&#13;
Molloy EJ and Bearer CF. COVID-19 in children and altered inflammatory responses. Pediatr Res 2020.&#13;
&#13;
New York City Department of H, Mental Hygiene C-RT. Preliminary Estimate of Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Outbreak - New York City, March 11-May 2, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69: 603-605.&#13;
&#13;
Nirenberg MS and Del Mar Ruiz Herrera M. Foot Manifestations in a COVID-19 Positive Patient: A Case Study. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2020.&#13;
&#13;
Piccolo V, Neri I, Filippeschi C, Oranges T, Argenziano G, Battarra VC, Berti S, Manunza F, Belloni Fortina A, Di Lernia V, Boccaletti V. Chilblain-like lesions during COVID-19 epidemic: a preliminary study on 63 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020.&#13;
&#13;
Prakash S and Weisman MH. Idiopathic chilblains. Am J Med 2009; 122: 1152-1155.&#13;
&#13;
Prem K, Liu Y, Russell TW, Kucharski AJ, Eggo RM, Davies N, Flasche S, Clifford S, Pearson CA, Munday JD, Abbott S. The effect of control strategies to reduce social mixing on outcomes of the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China: a modelling study. Lancet Public Health 2020; 5: e261-e270.&#13;
&#13;
Shahi V, Wetter DA, Cappel JA, Davis MD, Spittell PC. Vasospasm Is a Consistent Finding in Pernio (Chilblains) and a Possible Clue to Pathogenesis. Dermatology 2015; 231: 274-279.&#13;
&#13;
Vaira LA, Salzano G, Deiana G, De Riu G. Anosmia and Ageusia: Common Findings in COVID-19 Patients. Laryngoscope 2020.&#13;
&#13;
Yuan X, Xu J, Hussain S, Wang H, Gao N, Zhang L. Trends and Prediction in Daily New Cases and Deaths of COVID-19 in the United States: An Internet Search-Interest Based Model. Explor Res Hypothesis Med 2020; 5: 1-6.&#13;
&#13;
Zainol Rashid Z, Othman SN, Abdul Samat MN, Ali UK, Wong KK. Diagnostic performance of COVID-19 serology assays. Malays J Pathol 2020; 42: 13-21.&#13;
&#13;
Zhang Y, Cao W, Xiao M, Li YJ, Yang Y, Zhao J, Zhou X, Jiang W, Zhao YQ, Zhang SY, Li TS. Clinical and coagulation characteristics of 7 patients with critical COVID-2019 pneumonia and acro-ischemia. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2020; 41: E006.</References>
      </References>
    </Journal>
  </Article>
</ArticleSet>