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  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>jmedicalcasereports</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Frontiers in Medical Case Reports</JournalTitle>
      <PISSN>I</PISSN>
      <EISSN>S</EISSN>
      <Volume-Issue>Volume 6; Issue 1</Volume-Issue>
      <PartNumber/>
      <IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
      <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
      <Season>(Jan-Feb, 2025)</Season>
      <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
      <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
      <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
      <PubDate>
        <Year>-0001</Year>
        <Month>11</Month>
        <Day>30</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <ArticleType>Medical Case Reports</ArticleType>
      <ArticleTitle>AQP4-IgG-Seropositive Patient Who Silently Carried Anti-NMDAR Antibodies Developed Encephalitis During A Relapse</ArticleTitle>
      <SubTitle/>
      <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
      <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
      <FirstPage>1</FirstPage>
      <LastPage>6</LastPage>
      <AuthorList>
        <Author>
          <FirstName>Andrés María</FirstName>
          <LastName>Villa</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Carla</FirstName>
          <LastName>Seimandi</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Ana Mariel</FirstName>
          <LastName>Finkelsteyn</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Analisa</FirstName>
          <LastName>Manin</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Graciela</FirstName>
          <LastName>Ramos</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
        </Author>
      </AuthorList>
      <DOI/>
      <Abstract>The association of autoimmune diseases is relatively common. Comorbidity anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is an unusual and rare overlapping syndrome. We report the case of an AQP4-IgG-seropositive NMOSD patient who developed anti-NMDAR encephalitis during corticosteroid treatment for a relapse of Longitudinal Extensive Transverse Myelitis (LETM), with the presence of anti-NMDAR antibodies in the serum two years earlier. The patient showed significant improvement in both clinical syndromes with a good response to steroid and immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusion Early diagnosis and treatment of overlapping autoimmune syndromes, such as AQP4+IgG seropositive NMOSD with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, are key factors for ensuring early and better recovery outcomes.</Abstract>
      <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
      <Keywords>Encephalitis,Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor,Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD),Overlap Demyelinating Syndrome,AQP4,NMDA</Keywords>
      <URLs>
        <Abstract>https://jmedicalcasereports.org/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=15556&amp;title=AQP4-IgG-Seropositive Patient Who Silently Carried Anti-NMDAR Antibodies Developed Encephalitis During A Relapse</Abstract>
      </URLs>
      <References>
        <ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle>
        <ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage>
        <ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage>
        <References>Irani SR. Autoimmune Encephalitis. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2024; 30: 995-1020.&#13;
&#13;
Nan D, Zhang Y, Han J, Jin T. Clinical features and management of coexisting anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated encephalomyelitis: a case report and review of the literature. Neurol Sci 2021; 42: 847-855.&#13;
&#13;
Sechi E. NMOSD and MOGAD. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2024; 30: 1052-1087.&#13;
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Shahmohammadi S, Doosti R, Shahmohammadi A, Mohammadianinejad SE, Sahraian MA, Azimi AR, Harirchian MH, Asgari N, Naser Moghadasi A. Autoimmune diseases associated with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders: A literature review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 27: 350-363.&#13;
&#13;
Sinani AA, Maawali SA, Alshekaili J, Kindi MA, Ramadhani KA, Khabouri JA, Nadeem A, Salti AA. Overlapping demyelinating syndrome (Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders NMOSD with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis); A case report. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 42: 102153.&#13;
&#13;
Tao S, Zhang Y, Ye H, Guo D. AQP4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) coexisting with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis: A case report and literature review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 35: 185-192.&#13;
&#13;
Villa AM, Manin A, Seimandi C, Guerrero DA, Ramos G. Distinct clinical patterns in AQP4-IgG- positive NMOSD patients vs. Seronegative: Insights from a single-center study in Argentina. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 93: 106223.</References>
      </References>
    </Journal>
  </Article>
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